In an iconic moment in US history, George Washington took the oath of office on April 30, 1789, on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, becoming America’s first President. Reflecting on his monumental role, Washington expressed his hopes for the young nation in a letter to future President James Madison, saying, “As the first of everything, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent… may these precedents be fixed on true principles.”
The Election Process
The 1788-1789 election process differed greatly from today’s campaigns. Candidates did not openly campaign, as political ambition was viewed with suspicion, so they relied on supporters to promote their candidacies quietly. Without established political parties, candidates for president and vice president did not run as a team. Instead, the person with the most Electoral College votes would become president, while the runner-up would serve as vice president.
Selecting Electors
Between December 15, 1788, and January 10, 1789, each state selected its electors. By February 4, the Electoral College had convened, with 10 states participating, as New York did not appoint electors, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the Constitution. Congress officially counted and certified the votes on April 6.
Washington’s Unanimous Election
Washington, widely regarded as a national hero, had earned the respect of Americans through his leadership as commander of the Continental Army and as president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention. He was seen as the only fitting leader for the young republic. Each of the 69 electors was allowed two votes, and Washington received a unanimous endorsement—a unique achievement in US presidential history.
Inauguration and Legacy
On April 30, 1789, Washington’s inauguration in New York City, then the capital, set a dignified tone for the new government. His leadership established enduring precedents, from the inaugural oath to the peaceful transfer of power. Washington’s presidency remains a model of integrity and dedication, shaping the foundation of the US political system.
